A Long History In Malta

The hornet was first documented in Malta in the 1950s by entomologist Anthony Valletta, though sightings dwindled through the 1970s. Sporadic cases were recorded in the 2000s, but by 2020 the population had exploded, with pest teams removing more than 3,700 nests in a single year.

Research from the University of Malta has shown that the hornet is most active between April and November, with hotspots concentrated in urban districts and areas with dense beekeeping activity. Their adaptability to Malta’s “concrete jungle”, nesting in cracks, vents, and air-conditioning outlets, has only fuelled their spread.

The Risks

The sting of an Oriental Hornet has been described by pest-control consultant Arnold Sciberras as feeling like “a red-hot needle.” Its venom contains potent agents that can damage immune, blood, and muscle cells, triggering severe inflammatory reactions.

Beyond the health risk, the hornet also poses a significant threat to Malta’s bee population. Studies abroad have shown it may also act as a vector for honey bee pathogens, worsening its impact on both apiculture and public health.

The Way Forward

Experts warn that early intervention is key, especially targeting queen hornets in spring before they establish new colonies. Selective traps designed specifically for Oriental Hornets have shown promise, while indiscriminate glue traps and broad insecticide use are discouraged due to their risks for other species.

Waste management also plays a crucial role. Improperly discarded food, particularly leftovers meant for stray animals, has been linked to stronger hornet activity across urban centres.

Residents are urged not to disturb nests or hornets themselves. Instead, report sightings to professional services like The Exterminator, who can carry out safe and targeted removal.

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Photo credits to The Exterminator on Facebook