Leading the negotiations is US special envoy Steve Witkoff, who has met with both Russian and Ukrainian counterparts. The proposal, first reported by Axios and other media outlets, is said to include mechanisms for European and global security, post-war reconstruction, and the future relationship between Ukraine, Russia and the US.

Despite its ambitious scope, the plan has sparked concern among European leaders and Kyiv officials. The draft reportedly includes provisions that appear to demand significant concessions from Ukraine: limits on its military capabilities, reductions in Western assistance, and governance changes. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and his justice ministry have described the terms as “absurd” and unconscionable, asserting that any agreement must respect Ukraine’s sovereignty.

Meanwhile, European Commission President Kaja Kallas and other EU leaders have stressed that a viable peace deal must involve Europe as well as Ukraine- not just the US and Russia alone. They argue that sidelining Europe would undermine both regional security and alliance solidarity.

As discussions continue, some elements of the original 28-point draft are reportedly being scaled back. One proposal under review removes the requirement that Ukraine give up its ambition to join NATO and limits territorial demands from Russia. However, negotiators caution that key details remain unresolved.